Barriers to Psychoeducation in Patients Using Antipsychotics: A Focus on Illness Awareness

Abstract

Introduction: Patients undergoing treatment with antipsychotics face challenges, such as variability in their perception of the illness, which can hinder acceptance of the diagnosis and adherence to therapy. This study investigated the barriers to psychoeducation related to illness awareness. Methods: This qualitative study recruited 10 physicians from outpatient clinics. Participants provided informed consent and participated in semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed for subsequent thematic analysis. Data collection took place between May and November 2022. Results: Several barriers to psychoeducation related to illness awareness were identified: From the patients and their family, and caregivers: (a) explicit opposition to receiving medical care; (b) denial of the diagnosis and the need for treatment, expressed through behaviors such as modifying medication without medical supervision; (c) withholding
information to preserve the therapeutic relationship, such as avoiding the term "antipsychotic" or not disclosing adverse effects; (d) unrealistic expectations towards patients with mental disorders who reject treatment. Conclusions: Overcoming these barriers requires focusing on individualized strategies that consider patients' self-perception and their context. Given the association of antipsychotic treatment with severe adverse effects, it is essential to foster a care process that promotes therapeutic alliance and empowers individuals to manage their health. The dissemination of clear and accessible information, combined with proper adaptation to clinical particularities, is critical to achieving psychoeducational objectives