Religion and Mental Health in the LGBTQ+ community: a review

Abstract

Throughout history, members of the LGBTQ+ community have been victims of stigma and discrimination due to their sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression differing from societal norms. Much of this exclusion has been driven by religion, which often uses biblical references to condemn diversity. This systematic rejection has led to mistreatment of these individuals by healthcare systems and has posed significant barriers to access. Despite this, a substantial percentage of this population is, either voluntarily or involuntarily, affiliated with religious groups. This review article aims to understand and synthesize existing literature on the complex relationship between religion and the mental health of the LGBTQ+ community. A narrative synthesis was performed. Although some religions have made progress towards acceptance, which can positively impact the mental health of this minority, the majority still maintain a stance of rejection and disapproval. This discrimination has been associated with higher rates of internalized stigma, poorer quality of life, increased depression, anxiety, suicide, substance abuse, and participation in risky sexual activities with multiple partners, which puts this population at risk for other adverse health events, such as contracting HIV. It’s essential for medical schools to train their students and residents in holistic approaches that encompass religiosity and spirituality. Further research is needed within this minority in diverse contexts to understand how to address these issues and improve health care outcomes.